JS and Family Moved into Nauvoo Mansion
JS and Family Moved into Nauvoo Mansion
The hardest nine years. An extermination order empties Missouri, and the Saints build a city out of swampland on a bend in the Mississippi. Nauvoo grows to rival Chicago, the Relief Society is organised, temple ordinances are given, and then Joseph and Hyrum Smith are killed at Carthage and the city is abandoned.
994 entries in this era, shown 200 to a page. This is page 4 of 5, covering 1843 to 1844. See the same material on the moving timeline.
JS and Family Moved into Nauvoo Mansion
JS and Nauvoo City Council Approved Memorials to Congress
JS Arrested at Dixon
JS Called for Building of Nauvoo Temple and Nauvoo House
JS Defended Himself against Charge of Treason
JS Departed Nauvoo for Dixon
JS Discharged by Nauvoo Municipal Court
JS Discharged from Arrest by Governor Ford
JS Finalized Purchase of Maid of Iowa
JS Initiated Purchase of Maid of Iowa
JS Met with Potawatomi Indians
JS Obtained New Writ of Habeas Corpus
JS Received Reply from Henry Clay
JS Received Responses from Presidential Candidates
JS Reelected Mayor
JS Returned to Nauvoo from Dixon
JS Sealed Again to Emily and Eliza Partridge
JS Sealed to Almera Woodward Johnson Prescott
JS Sealed to Desdemona Wadsworth Fullmer
JS Sealed to Eliza Partridge
JS Sealed to Elvira Annie Cowles Holmes
JS Sealed to Emily Partridge
JS Sealed to Fanny Young Murray
JS Sealed to Flora Ann Woodworth
JS Sealed to Helen Mar Kimball, Maria Lawrence, and Sarah Lawrence
JS Sealed to Lucy Walker
JS Sealed to Malissa Lott
JS Sealed to Marinda Nancy Johnson Hyde
JS Sealed to Olive Frost
JS Sealed to Rhoda Richards
JS Sworn In as Mayor
JS's Altercation with Walter Bagby
JS's Habeas Corpus Hearing
JS's Letters to Presidential Candidates
JS's Meeting with John Frierson
JS's Prophecy about Stephen Douglas
JS's Remarks about Nauvoo Legion
Last Issue of Wasp Published
Men Part of Archaeological Hoax Visited JS
Nauvoo City Council Administered Oaths to Police Force
Nauvoo City Council Passed Ordinance Limiting Jurisdiction in Nauvoo
Nauvoo City Council Passed Ordinance to Protect JS
Nauvoo City Police Force Ordinance Passed
Nauvoo Legion General Parade Held
Nauvoo Mansion Opened as Hotel
News of Avery Kidnappings Arrived in Nauvoo
Opponents' Decision to Draft Resolutions against JS
Opponents' Resolutions against JS Arrived in Nauvoo
Orrin Porter Rockwell Charged with Boggs Assassination Attempt
Philander Avery Abducted from Hancock County
Presiding Patriarch and Associate President Hyrum Smith assures a citywide congregation that only the devil would give a revelation approving "wifes & concubines."
Reinstatement of Orson Pratt into Church and Quorum
Return of Orrin Porter Rockwell
Revelation on eternal marriage and plural wives was recorded.
Robert Wiley "finds" six metal, bell-shaped plates covered with hieroglyphs while digging in a mound near Kinderhook, Illinois. The plates are found with a skeleton eleven feet below the top of the mound. There are "two mormon elders" among the dozen people witnessing the excavation. The plates are brought to Joseph Smith who says "they contain the history of the person with whom they were found and he was a descendant of Ham through the loins of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and that he received his kingdom from the ruler of heaven and earth." In 1855 and 1879 associates of Wiley claim that the plates were a hoax gotten up by Wiley and friends to fool Smith. There is debate about the validity of the "hoax" stories until 1981 when the plates are subjected to testing which conclusively verifies their 19th-century origin and details given by the hoaxers in their manufacture.
The "Young Gentlemens and Ladies Relief Society" is organized in Nauvoo. This is the first effort to establish an auxiliary for Mormon youth, but it apparently does not last a year. A church-wide youth program would not develop for twenty-six years. Also on this day, "Josiah Butterfield of the First Council of Seventy came to my house and insulted me so outrageously that I kicked him out of the house, across the yard, and into the street." Butterfield was step-father of young Maria and Sarah Lawrence for whom Smith was legal guardian. Smith would formally marry the Lawrence sisters in the fall.
1843 Church Membership 25,980
The date of the so-called "White horse prophecy." Joseph Smith is reported to have said: "The last great struggle that Zion will have to contend with will be when the whole of America will be made the Zion of God. Those opposing will be called Gog and Magog. The nations of the world led by Russia and their power will be great but all opposition will be overcome and this land will then be the Zion of our God."
The Wasp replaced by the Nauvoo Neighbor (John Taylor, editor).
This is the last known occasion in which Emma Smith performs the washing and anointing for women receiving the endowment ceremony in the Anointed Quorum.
Thomas Ford Issued Arrest Warrant for JS
Thomas Reynolds Sent Requisition to Illinois Officials
Two Hundred Saints' Arrival from England
Vilate Kimball writes to her husband Heber C. Kimball: "I have had a visit from brother Parley P Pratt and his wife, they are truly converted it appears that Joseph has taught him some principles and told him his privilege, and even appointed one for him. "
Is released by a federal judge in Springfield on a ruling that he is protected from arrest because of his Illinois citizenship.
"Voice of Innocence" Written
16 Other Men on Warrant Arrested
This edition was created in Pittsburg, USA and was compiled by Sidney Rigdon. There were 182 Hymns in this edition. At the time it was the only edition.
586 new missionaries are sent out.
A political convention in Nauvoo nominated Joseph Smith as a candidate for president of United States.
A special convention is held in Nauvoo at the end of general conference to launch Joseph Smith's presidential campaign. Brigham Young asks for volunteers to "to preach the Gospel and electioneer" He gets 244 responses and cash and pledges of $200.
A special council publicly excommunicates Sidney Rigdon for his succession claim in opposition to the Twelve. Rigdon is not present. Before the membership votes "President Young arose and requested the congregation to place themselves so that they could see all who voted. We want to know who goes for Sidney and who are for the Twelve." Ten Mormons who vote in favor of Rigdon at this meeting are suspended from fellowship pending trial before the High Council, an action to be extended to all "who shall hereafter be found advocating his principles." Benjamin Winchester, a prominent elder, writes: "As regards the trial of Elder Rigdon at Nauvoo, it was a forced affair, got up by the Twelve to get him out of their way, that they might the better arrogate to themselves higher authority than they ever had, or anybody ever dreamed they would have; and also (as they perhaps hope) to prevent a complete expose of the spiritual wife system, which they knew would deeply implicate themselves." William Clayton writes, "There was a good feeling among the people and a bad feeling among the Rigdonites."
A special Nauvoo conference sustains the Twelve as the acting church presidency. Some years later report witnessing a transfiguration of Brigham Young into the image of Joseph Smith. Brigham Young writes of this day: " Sidney Rigdon took his position in a wagon, about two rods in front of the stand, and harangued the saints for about one and a half hours" Council of Fifty member and Presiding Bishop George Miller writes that Brigham Young's performance was a "long and loud harangue."
A Voice of Warning Republished
Accusations against JS in Nauvoo Expositor
Addison Pratt landed on Tubuai, the first missionary to begin work in the South Pacific.
At a meeting designated for the appointment of a guardian, Rigdon stated his views, after which Brigham Young announced an afternoon meeting. During the latter session, Young claimed the right of the Twelve Apostles to lead the Church and was sustained by a vote of the Church.
Birth of David Hyrum Smith
Brigham Young and Others Departed Nauvoo to Electioneer
Brigham Young and Others' Return to Nauvoo
Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles accepted as leaders of the Church.
Brigham Young arrives in Nauvoo and in private meetings begins defending the succession right of the Twelve.
Brigham Young at Peterboro, Massachusetts, learns of the martyrdom: "The first thing which I thought of was, whether Joseph had taken the keys of the kingdom with him from the earth. . . . My head felt so distressed I thought it would crack." Then Young struck his hand on his knee. "The keys of the kingdom are right here with the Church,"
Brigham Young becomes lieutenant-general of the Nauvoo Legion, although the governor does not officially appoint him until Sept. 27.
Brigham Young begins marrying some of Joseph Smith's polygamous widows as his own wives.
Brigham Young claimed the right of the Twelve to lead the Church and was sustained.
Brigham Young Commissioned as Lieutenant General of Nauvoo Legion
Learned of martyrdom of Joseph Smith while campaigning for Joseph Smith's candidacy for United States president.
Council of Fifty Approved Petition to Congress
Council of Fifty as Constitution of Kingdom of God
Council of Fifty Assigned Others to Draft Petition to Congress
Council of Fifty Minutes Buried
Council of Fifty Organized
Council of Fifty Voted JS to be Received as "Prophet, Priest & King"
D&C 135 announced the martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith.
Doctrine & Covenants Section 135 was given to John Taylor (eulogy) in matters relating to the Martyrdom of Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith
Final Meeting of Relief Society of Nauvoo
First and only issue of the Nauvoo Expositor published, then destroyed by order of the Nauvoo City Council.
Formal Account of Murders Published
Forty-two-year-old Brigham Young takes sixteen-year-old Clarissa Caroline Decker as his fourth wife. Young had already taken Clarissa's sister Lucy as his second wife two years previously.
Hancock County Citizens Adopted Resolutions against Latter-day Saints
Heber C. Kimball records in his journal, "I Heber C. Kimball recieved the washing of my feet, and was annointed by my wife Vilate fore my burial, that is my feet, head, Stomach. Even as Mary did Jesus, that she mite have a claim on Him in the Reserrection."
Heber C. Kimball writes in his journal: "Apriel the first day 1844 I Heber C Kimball received the washing of my feet, and was annointed by my wife Vilate fore my burial. that is my feet head Stomach. Even as Mary did Jesus, that She mite have a claim on him in the Reserrection" original spellings retained
Illinois Governor Thomas Ford arrives in Carthage. He discovers that Hancock County is at the point of civil war, with approximately 1,700 men of the combined militia threatening to attack Nauvoo, which is defended by the Nauvoo Legion, 2,000 strong. His first act is to place the men of the militia under their regular officers and to get pledges of support from those officers. Ford sends a letter to Joseph Smith, Mayor of Nauvoo asking for statements from "well-informed and discreet persons, who will be capable of laying before me your version of the matter, . . ."
Illinois governor Thomas Ford arrives to disband the state militia, then travels with some of his troops to Nauvoo. Although he spares the city the bloody assault planned by the Illinois militia, he leaves Joseph Smith under protection of hostile Carthage Greys, knowingly enabling the assassination.
In 1844 there were 586 missionaries called to serve.
In Carthage the WARSAW SIGNAL editorializes: "We have only to state that this is sufficient! . . .War and extermination is evitable! CITIZENS ARISE, ONE AND ALL!!! Can you stand by, and suffer such INFERNAL DEVILS! to ROB men of their property rights, without avenging them. We have no time for comment! everyman will make his own. LET IT BE WITH POWDER AND BALL!"
In Nauvoo thousands pass by the bodies of Joseph and Hyrum. W. W. Phelps gives the eulogy and later pens "Praise to the man." The Nauvoo Legion "was paraded and stationed in different parts of the City apprehending an attack by the enemy."
In the morning Orrin Porter Rockwell rides through Nauvoo crying, "Joseph is killed! Goddamn them! They have killed him!" The bodies of Joseph and Hyrum Smith arrive in Nauvoo at 3:00 PM. William Clayton goes to see them and remarks: "Joseph looks very natural except being pale through loss of blood. Hyrum does not look so natural. Their aged mother is distracted with grief and it will be almost more than she can bear." Allen Stout, former Danite, writes in his journal after viewing the bodies: "I stood there and then resolved in my mind that I would never let an opportunity slip unimproved of avenging their blood.... I knew not how to contain myself, and when I see one of the men who persuaded them to give up to be tried, I feel like cutting their throats yet"
In the NAUVOO NEIGHBOR for this date Joseph Smith blames "all the sorrow he ever had in his family" upon "the influence of Wm Law." In the same issue Hyrum Smith accuses William Law adulterous behavior.
Investigation by Thomas Ford on Growing Tension between Saints and Enemies
James J. Strang announces to his Michigan branch that he is Joseph Smith's successor through a letter of appointment. The branch president denounces the letter as a forgery and excommunicates Strang.
James J. Strang Claimed to be JS's Successor
James J. Strang Excommunicated
Joseph and Hyrum Smith martyred at Carthage Jail.
John Wentworth Introduced JS's Memorial
Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed by a mob that rushed the Carthage Jail in Carthage, Ill. John Taylor was injured in the attack; Willard Richards escaped injury.
Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed by a mob at Carthage Jail.
Martyred at Carthage with brother Hyrum.
Joseph Smith and fifteen others are "arrested by Constable Joel S. Miles on writ of Daniel H. Wells, Justice of the Peace issued on complaint of Mr. G. Ware for riot on 10th instant in destroying Nauvoo Expositor. Were tried at Justice Wells 2 P.M. and discharged." Daniel H. Wells is later a member of the LDS First Presidency. On this same day a committee of citizens at nearby Carthage requested Governor Ford to mobilize a sufficient force of state militia to execute legal process in Nauvoo. Joseph Smith orders the Nauvoo Legion to parade at 10:00 AM the next day. Hyrum Smith writes to the Twelve (who are campaigning for Joseph Smith's U.S. Presidential candidacy) "requesting them to come home without delay."
Joseph Smith and the city council were charged with riot in the destruction of the Expositor press. A Nauvoo court absolved them of the charge, but the complainant asked for the issue to be examined by the Carthage court.
Joseph Smith becomes a candidate for President of the United States.
Joseph Smith delivered a funeral sermon for King Follett, expounding new doctrines.
Joseph Smith delivers the funeral sermon for a member named King Follett, saying that God "was once a man like us." He begins the discussion by interpreting the Hebrew for "In the beginning created God," in a manner only extant in the opening paragraphs of the ZOHAR, the classic text of the Jewish Kabbalah. Joseph Smith undoubtedly has learned this from the Jewish Convert Alexander Neibauer who published a Kabbalist treatise in the LDS periodical a year before, and with whom Joseph Smith's diary notes he is studying in 1844. Later in public-media interviews President Gordon B. Hinckley is evasive and dissembles on whether or not Mormons believe that God was once a man.
Joseph Smith gives "the charge" to the apostles and other members of the Council of Fifty.
Joseph Smith has himself appointed legal guardian for orphan girls Maria and Sarah Lawrence. Joseph has been secretly married to both of them for over a year. On this day he also decides to prosecute "Laws and Fosters for perjury, slander, &c.in behalf of Maria Lawrence" William Law, former Second Counselor to Joseph, had accused Joseph of living with Maria Lawrence "in an open state of adultery"
Concluding that they are operating within the prerogatives granted by the Nauvoo charter granted to the city by the state of Illinois, the city council passes an ordinance and directs the Prophet as mayor to “abate” the Nauvoo Expositor as a “nuisance”; the press is destroyed. 10
Joseph Smith holds a preliminary meeting for the Council of Fifty. Participants are sworn to "perfect secrecy."
Joseph Smith is anointed and ordained by the Council of Fifty as King, Priest, and Ruler over Israel on Earth.
Joseph Smith is arrested and charged with inciting a riot "wherein they, with force and violence broke into the office of the Nauvoo Expositor, and unlawfully and with force burned and destroyed the printing press, type and fixtures of the same, . . ." Joseph notices the clause in the writ, entered by the issuing judge, Thomas Morrison, which says, "bring them before me or some other justice of the peace, to answer the premises, and further to be dealt with according to Law." Joseph chooses to be brought before a panel of six Mormon judges in Nauvoo who dismiss the charges.
Joseph Smith left Nauvoo for Carthage, Illinois, and was imprisoned.
Joseph Smith petitions Congress to commission him to a U.S. army officer and authorize him to enlist 100,000 armed volunteers to move at his direction through the western territories. (The LDS population at this time is 26,000 worldwide.)
Joseph Smith presided over a Council of Fifty meeting.
Joseph Smith signs his petition to the U.S. Government to allow Joseph "the privilege of raising 100,000 military volunteers to protect the Texas, Oregon, &c."
Joseph Smith speaks from the pulpit in the Nauvoo Temple. He accuses five men, including former First Counselor to the Presidency William Law of engaging in "a conspiracy . . . for the purpose of taking the life of President Joseph Smith, his family and all the Smith family & heads of the Church."
Joseph Smith surrenders to civil authorities to stand trial for riot and treason, acknowledging that this will mean his death.
Joseph Smith was arrested for destroying the Expositor press.
Joseph Smith writes a letter to Illinois governor Thomas Ford explaining the EXPOSITOR incident: "The proprietors were a set of unprincipled, lawless debauchers, counterfeiters, bogus-makers, gamblers, peace-disturbers, . . . the City Council decided that it was necessary for the 'peace, benefit, good order and regulations' of said city, 'and for the protection of prosperity,' and for 'the happiness and prosperity of the citizens of Nauvoo,' that said Expositor should be removed, and declaring said Expositor a nuisance ordered the Mayor Joseph Smith to cause them to be removed without delay; which order was committed to the Marshal by due process, and by him executed the same day, by removing the paper, press and fixtures into the streets and burning the same; all which was done without riot, noise, tumult or confusion, . . ."
Joseph Smith writes the apostles to return to Nauvoo immediately and, probably on this occasion, instructs them to destroy their endowment undergarments. He also writes a hurried letter pleading with the president of the United States to "save the innocent and oppressed from such horrid persecution."
Joseph Smith writes to Illinois Governor Thomas Ford that he dare not come to Carthage until the mob has been dispersed, and that he was considering appealing to the federal government in Washington. Joseph and his brother, Hyrum, cross the river into Iowa and hide themselves near a community of Saints at Montrose. Before leaving Joseph instructs William Clayton to "burn" or "bury" the records of the Council of Fifty. Clayton chooses to bury them and then later recovers them.
Joseph Smith, in Carthage Jail, sends a note to Governor Thomas Ford. Ford comes to the jail to meet with Joseph. Joseph tells him " the origin of the difficulty, the facts relating to the Expositor press, the course pursued by the City Council; the legality, as they thought, of their legislation; the pledges that he had made by letter and sent by expresses to his Excellency, that he was willing to satisfy all legal claims in case it should be shown that the City Council had transcended their legal bounds, etc., and that the Legion had been called out for the protection of the city, while it was threatened with immediate hostilities by an infuriated mob, until his Excellency could afford relief, and not for the purpose of invasion."
Joseph Smith, wearing his Lieutenant-General uniform, declares martial law and, in speaking to the Nauvoo legion, gives his last public address. He urges the Legion "not to act in the least on the offensive but invariably in the defensive and if we die, die like men of God and secure a glorious resurrection." Smith advises "all to arm themselves those who had no rifles, get swords, scythe and make weapons of some kind."
Josiah Quincy interviews Joseph Smith in Nauvoo. As a "Boston Brahmin" and soon-to-be mayor of Boston, Quincy is the first prominent American leader to request a meeting with and LDS president. In his 1883 FIGURES OF THE PAST Quincy writes: "What historical American of the nineteenth century has exerted the most powerful influence upon the destinies of his countrymen? and it is by no means improbable that the answer to that interrogatory may be thus written: 'Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet.'" Joseph Smith shows Quincy the Egyptian Papyrus and says, "That is the handwriting of Abraham, the father of the Faithful. This is the autograph of Moses, and these lines were written by his brother Aaron. Here we have the earliest account of the creation from which Moses composed the First Book of Genesis" When questioned about an illustration on the papyrus of a snake having legs Joseph replies, "Before the Fall snakes always went about on legs, just like chickens. They were deprived of them, in punishment for their agency in the ruin of man." After showing the mummies and papyri Joseph tells Quincy and his traveling companion, "Gentlemen, those who see these curiosities generally pay my mother a quarter of a dollar"
JS and Hyrum Smith Appeared before Justice of Peace
JS and Hyrum Smith Imprisoned in Carthage
JS and Hyrum Smith Interview with Thomas Ford
JS Appointed Men to Lead Saints to Texas
JS Approved Memorial to Congress
JS Arrested for Destroying Nauvoo Expositor Press
JS Asked United States President for Assistance
JS Crossed Mississippi River to Evade Arrest
JS Declared Martial Law in Nauvoo
JS Delivered State Arms
JS Discussed Exploring West for Relocation
JS Learned of Conspiracy against His Life
JS Leased Nauvoo Mansion to Ebenezer Robinson
JS Left Nauvoo for Carthage
JS Preached about Conspiracies against Him
JS Received Letters Prompting Organization of Council of Fifty
JS Spoke at Dedication of New Masonic Hall
JS Wrote to Thomas Ford to Investigate Nauvoo Expositor
JS's and Thomas Ford's Letters Regarding Crisis
JS's Candidacy Pamphlet Published
JS's Letter Declaring His Innocence
JS's Nomination for U.S. Presidency
JS's Pamphlet Sent to Influential People
JS's Second Arrest by Carthage Officers
JS's Sermon on Necessity of Annexing Texas
King Follett Sermon
Mission to eastern states; learned of martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith.
Lucien Woodworth Reported on Mission
Lucien Woodworth Sent on Mission to Texas
A mob storms Carthage Jail and kills both brothers. In August the Saints sustain Brigham Young and the Quorum of the Twelve to lead the Church.
Memorial to Congress for Protection of Immigrants and Settlers in West
Nauvoo City Council Drafted Ordinance against Libels
Nauvoo Mayor and Judge Joseph Smith fines a man "five dollars and cost" for whipping "a certain black man . . . his back lacerated from his shoulders to his hips with 20 or more lashes."
Nauvoo Police Chief Hosea Stout reports that Nauvoo's "Whistling and Whittling Brigade" harassed "old" Austin Cowles and drove the former high councilman out of the city.
Nauvoo's political convention nominates Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon as presidential and vice-presidential candidates and appoints 344 delegates to campaign for their election in every state. All of the 26 states of the United States and ten Illinois counties are represented by delegates at the convention. Two non-Mormon delegates, Dr. G. W. Goforth and John S. Reid, have prominent speaking positions. Resolutions passed at the convention include: "4. Resolved, that to redress all wrongs, the government of the United States, with the President at its head, is as powerful in its sphere as Jehovah is in His." and "7. Resolved, that we will hold a National Convention at Baltimore on Saturday, the 13th day of July." The Baltimore convention was held but, due to the death of Joseph Smith adjourned sine die.
Nine Men Indicted for Murders of JS and Hyrum Smith
Official Statement on JS's and Hyrum Smith's Deaths
On Tubuai, an island in the South Pacific, missionary Addison Pratt administers the sacrament: "for wine I substituted cocoa nut milk, that was a pure beverage, which never had come to the open air, till we broke the nut for that purpose."
Order to Destroy Nauvoo Expositor Press
Orson Hyde Departed Nauvoo for Washington DC
Orson Hyde Met with John Tyler
Polticial Convention Held for JS and Sidney Rigdon
Presidential Election Held in Nauvoo
Probable date that Joseph Smith III is ordained as his father's theocratic successor. Warned the same day of a conspiracy to murder them, William Law and associates flee Nauvoo with their families.
Proposal for New Settlement in Texas
Quorum of Twelve Chosen to Lead Church
Report of Mob Assembled at Carthage
Rigdon's Messenger and Advocate Published
Saints voted to sustain the Quorum of the Twelve to lead the Church.
Samuel Williams, commanding officer of the Carthage Greys, writes a letter describing the happenings at Carthage jail. Williams says that when Joseph first arrived in Carthage and met with such an ugly reception, he "actually fainted." THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH denies a rumor that he had "fainted three times." but this may be consistent with him fainting once.
Second Edition of Doctrine and Covenants
Senate Voted to Repeal Nauvoo Charter
Sidney Rigdon Accepted Vice President Nomination
Sidney Rigdon as President of Schismatic Church
Sidney Rigdon Excommunicated
Sidney Rigdon tells Nauvoo's general meeting that he should be appointed guardian of the church "to build the Church up to Joseph as he has begun it,"
Sidney Rigdon's Return to Nauvoo