Israel Evans Company departs on their journey
Israel Evans Company departs on their journey.
Thirteen hundred miles west. Wagon companies and, for ten years, handcart companies cross the plains, and roughly four hundred settlements are planted across the Great Basin and beyond. Brigham Young leads for thirty years; the era ends with the St George temple finished and his death in the same year.
1,289 entries in this era, shown 200 to a page. This is page 4 of 7, covering 1857 to 1861. See the same material on the moving timeline.
Israel Evans Company departs on their journey.
Jacob Hofheins/Matthew McCune Company departs on their journey.
James Holt Haslam arrives in Cedar City from Salt Lake City two days after the Mountain Meadows Massacre with orders from Brigham Young to let the emigrants pass unharmed. When Isaac Haight reads Young's letter he says, "Too late, too late," and "cried like a child." At Sunday services in Cedar City Patriarch Elisha H. Groves speaks"upon the principles of the gospel, and of the Lamanites being the battle axe of the Lord."
James Holt Haslam arrives in Salt Lake City just after daybreak. Within fifteen minutes he is in Brigham Young's office. He gives Young Isaac Haight's letter and is told to take a little sleep and return at 1:00 P.M. When Haslam returns at 1:00 he is given Young's reply to Haight, a chatty update on the arrival of an advance scout for Johnson's army and an optimistic assessment of the situation. Toward the bottom it said, "In regard to the emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. You must not meddle with them. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. There are no other trains going south that I know of. If those that are there will leave, let them go in peace." His instruction to Haslam is "to start and not spare your horseflesh, but to go down there just as quick as possible."
Jesse B. Martin Company departs on their journey.
John D. Lee reports Mountain Meadows Massacre to Brigham Young and claims that Indians "cut the throats of their women & children." That is not Indian practice but is consistent with Mormon beliefs about blood atonement. Concerning women and children Brigham Young says it is "heart rending." Lee says that he "did not think there was a drop of innocent Blood in their Camp for he had two of the Children in his house & he could not get but one to kneel down in prayer time & the other would laugh at her for doing it & they swore like pirates." Decades later one participant acknowledges that Mormon men slit throats of women and children.
Joined Nauvoo Legion (Utah Territory's militia) and served in Echo Canyon campaign of Utah War.
Joseph Lazarus Matthews Company departs on their journey.
Kimball also preaches: ". . . let me tell you, the Holy Ghost is a man; he is one of the sons of our Father and our God; and he is that man that stood next to Jesus Christ just as I stand by brother Brigham"
Marcus De Lafayette Shepherd Company departs on their journey.
Matthias Cowley Company departs on their journey.
Members of Parowan's militia participate in killing 120 men, women, and children in Mountain Meadows Massacre. This is largest massacre of wagon train in American history and is unparalleled because killing begins as "whites" are excorting emigrants under flag of truce. After holding prayer circle, local LDS leaders decide not to await word from Brigham Young about whether to help Indians destroy emigrants. At pre-arranged signal, most Mormon participants dutifully kill unarmed emigrant walking beside each militiaman, while some Mormons fire their weapons in air, and a few kill as many emigrants as they can. They spare eighteen small children.
Mountain Meadows Massacre occurred in Southern Utah.
Mountain Meadows Massacre of the Fancher Party.
Murder of Apostle Parley P. Pratt in Arkansas by the legal husband of his twelfth wife, Elenore McComb McLean. Newspaper accounts of Pratt's murder reach Salt Lake City on June 23.
Officer in U.S. army expedition at Fort Laramie, Wyoming writes: "Two men by the name of Hickman, brothers to Bill Hickman who is celebrated in this country as one of the 'Destroying Angels,' came into our camps yesterday . . . .One of them had a sword belt in his possession which had belonged to the man (Vilkins) who went out gunning on the 7th inst and had not been heard from since."
Officer in U.S. army heading for Utah writes that he met "a number of receding Mormons who found the severity of the Saints intolerable and who left Utah last Apr. They said secret assassinations had occurred during the last winter."
On the same day Heber C. Kimball preaches: "Brethren, our enemies never will inhabit these valleys if we do just as we are told from this time forth; and we will inhabit these valleys and will have power and victory over our enemies from this time henceforth and for ever. . . . I felt pretty well in Nauvoo, at the time brother Brigham was speaking of; though I did regret —perhaps I did wrong—but I did regret that peace was proclaimed so quick; for I tell you there were about one or two score of men I wanted to see under the sod; then I was willing to make peace: but I had to, as it was. We have made peace a great many times, and the United States have taken a course to make us do as they wished us; but let me tell you that day is past and gone, and we will now proclaim the course they will have to take; and they will have to make peace with us, and we never shall make peace with them again. Brother Brigham will designate the course they have got to take; and if they come here, they have got to give up their arms: they cannot come in here with a gun on their shoulders, or a pistol in their belts."
Orson Pratt/Ezra T. Benson Company departs on their journey.
Parley P. Pratt assassinated while on a mission in Arkansas.
Parley P. Pratt murdered outside Van Buren, Arkansas, while on a mission.
Part of the U.S. Army stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas receives orders to march to Utah territory, assist in removing Brigham Young from office as territorial governor, and to replace him with Alfred Cumming. The ensuing conflict is known as the "Utah War."
Patriarch John Young preaches: "I wonder if some one won't go away and say that brother Heber C. Kimball and the authorities were misinformed. I can tell you they are not; for those men who stand at the head of affairs have the light of heaven with them all the time; they have the power of the Spirit and the visions of the heavens with them always, and they can read men and women from head to foot. After this, I don't want anybody to go away from the meeting and say, 'I guess they were mistaken.' Don't let us hear any more of it, brethren; never let such a thing be spoken, that a Prophet of God is mistaken. I ask this congregation, and I adjure you in the name of the Lord to speak, if ever you heard brother Brigham, brother Kimball, brother Jedediah, or brother Wells say anything that was not strictly true. I answer, you never did." Heber C. Kimball interrupts at this point: "If it were so, a man might be a Prophet one minute and a devil another."
Perrigrine Sessions Company departs on their journey.
Philo T. Farnsworth, writing from Beaver, inquires, "Is it my privilege to take a couple more wives if I can find some free girls? If so, I thought I'd come up this summer when you get home from your trip north."
Robert Crow Company departs on their journey.
Samuel L. Sprague, president of weekly prayer circle in Salt Lake City, instructs his members about "the holy anointing, that those who appreciated those sacred ordinances had in them the spirit and power to avenge the blood of the Prophets."
Several of Orson Pratt's pamphlets published as Tracts of Orson Pratt (Liverpool and London).
Stake President Haight told the men, "thay had been priveleged to keep a part of their covenant to avenge the blood of the prophets." The men then held a prayer circle (left hand on shoulder of man next to him, right arm to the square) with John Higbee, Isaac Haight, John D. Lee, and William Dame in the center, facing the four points of the compass. Stake president Haight led the men in a solemn oath never to discuss the matter and "to help kill all who proved to be traitors to the Church or people in this matter."
Ten days after the Mountain Meadows massacre Heber C. Kimball preaches in Salt Lake City: "Do I want to shed the blood of my brethren and sisters, or to see it shed? No: and neither do you, unless the Holy Ghost dictates for us to shed the blood of our enemies; then it is just as right as it is for us to partake of the sacrament. But I wish they would take the hint, and go the other way, and not attempt to come here. We do not want to hurt them; but if they come upon us, and we have to repel them by the force of arms, God Almighty will give us the power to do it: now, mark it." The next speaker, President Brigham Young, begins his sermon with "Brother Heber wants to know whether he has said anything wrong. So far as I am concerned, and so far as the truth is concerned, he has not."
Territorial Judge Drummond wrote a letter charging Mormon leaders.
Territorial Judge W.W. Drummond, who had earlier left the Territory of Utah, wrote a letter to the Attorney General of the United States, charging Mormon leaders with various crimes.
1857 Church Membership 55,236
The Fancher wagon train from Arkansas, bound for California, is attacked at dawn at Mountain Meadows in southern Utah. The emmigrants form a defensive position and launch a counterattack quickly killing two Paiute Indians. John D. Lee watches the battle and later commented on the situation, "Now we knew the Indians could not do the work, and we were in a sad fix." Before the attack the Fancher party's cattle (which had earlier been promised to the Paiutes by Brigham Young) had been driven off. In the afternoon the battle becomes a standoff. Stake President Isaac Haight, former bodyguard of Joseph Smith, decides to send James Holt Haslam on horseback to Brigham Young for instructions.
The Mormon ceases publication in New York City (John Taylor, editor).
The Mountain Meadows Massacre took place, in which Arkansas immigrants on their way to California were killed in Southern Utah. Twenty years later John D. Lee was executed for his part in the crime.
The NEW YORK HERALD observes that Mormons "do not confine themselves to sacred music. All the popular songs of the day--English glees, melodies, and even sentimental ballads--they bring into their service. Their hymns are for the most part sung to familiar 'profane' airs."
President Buchanan sends 2,500 troops to install a non-member governor. The Saints prepare to burn their own settlements before a negotiated settlement ends the standoff in 1858.
The Western Standard ceases publication in San Francisco (George Q. Cannon, editor).
Thomas B. Marsh, former president of original Twelve, is received back into the church years after his apostasy. Brigham Young publicly compares himself physically to the ailing Marsh: "He has told you that he is an old man. Do you think that I am an old man? I could prove to this congregation that I am young; for I could find more girls who would choose me for a husband than can any of the young men. . . . . 'Mormonism' keeps men and women young and handsome; and when they are full of the Spirit of God, there are none of them but what will have a glow upon their countenances; and that is what makes yea and me young; for the Spirit of God is with us and within us."
Thomas B. Marsh, one of the original 12 Apostles, is rebaptized in Salt Lake City and accepted back into the Church after his apostasy "over milk strippings" two decades ago.
U.S. Army under General Johnston winters at Camp Scott in western Wyoming.
U.S. War Department orders army to suppress what U.S. president James Buchanan regards as Mormon treason and insurrection. One army officer writes on June 10 that Mormon "opposition to government cannot be overcome without the destruction of its cause, which involves the complete destruction of their life as a public body."
Under instructions from President James Buchanan, the United States War Department issued orders for an army to assemble at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., to march to Utah. It was assumed that the people of Utah were in rebellion against the United States. This was the beginning of the so-called "Utah War."
Utah Mormon War commences as President Buchanan dispatches Johnston's army of 2,500 men.
While participating in the 10th anniversary celebration in Big Cottonwood Canyon of the arrival of the Pioneers, Brigham Young received word that the army, under the command of Col. Albert S. Johnston, was approaching Utah.
Wilford Woodruff preaches, "Now, whatever I might have obtained in the shape of learning, by searching and study respecting the arts and sciences of men,—whatever principles I may have imbibed during my scientific researches, yet, if the Prophet of God should tell me that a certain principle or theory which I might have learned was not true, I do not care what my ideas might have been, I should consider it my duty, at the suggestion of my file leader, to abandon that principle or theme."
Wilford Woodruff records Brigham Young reminiscing that in 1837 "Joseph slapped him Apostle David W. Patten in the face & kicked him out of the yard." Young consistently claims he is a gentler taskmaster than Joseph Smith.
Wilford Woodruff writes in his journal: "I attended the prayer circle The presidency & Wilford Woodruff George Albert Smith Amasa Lyman & Charles C Rich of the Twelve were present there was much conversation upon various subjects President Young said I shall not seal the people as I have done Old Father Allred age 73 brought three young girls 12 & 13 years old I would not seal them to them him They would not be equally yoked together. The devil can get as many recommends as he can back many get their endowments who are not worthy to & this is the way devils are made there will be some needed in the next world."
Wilford Woodruff writes to George A. Smith that "nearly all are trying to get wives, until there is hardly a girl 14 years old in Utah, but what is married, or just going to be."
Wilford Woodruff's daughter Phebe "had a vary Severe attack of inflamation on the Lungs or sumthing like plurisy. She Could not Breath ownly with great Difficulty." After anointing her and rebuking the disease Woodrff "finally got Joseph Smiths silk Hankerchief which He gave me in 1839 . . . I laid it upon her stomach. Broth Dunyon Came in to see her in the evening she became some better & slept some."
William A. Hickman kills non-Mormon Richard Yates for trying to transport munitions to U.S. army. Hickman later implicates Britham Young, second counselor Daniel H. Wells, and Joseph A. Young in decision, and judge Hosea Stout in actual murder. In 1858 Mormon woman says that Yates "disappeared--'used up killed in the pocket of the Lord,' we call it--and Bill Hickman--one of the 'Destroyers'--passed through this very town, waved the overcoat of Yates, and riding his bay pony." Hickman later writes that he gave to President Young money he took from Yates's body. Despite arrest and pre-trial detention, all those indicted in 1871 for Yates murder are freed by U.S. Supreme Court in 1872 due to improper impaneling of juries.
William G. Young Company departs on their journey.
William Holmes Walker Freight Train departs on their journey.
With Johnston's army approaching Utah to install federally appointed territorial officials Heber C. Kimball preaches: "You ladies, too, will certainly have to do your part, or back out. I told you last Sunday to arm yourselves; and if you cannot do it any other way, sell some of your fine bonnets, fine dresses, and buy yourselves a good dirk, a pistol, or some other instrument of war. Arm your boys and arm yourselves universally, and that, too, with the weapons of war; for we may be brought to the test, to see if we will stand up to the line. . . . Can you live your religion, except you do as you are told? I have said, again and again, that if we live our religion, and do as we are. told, those men will never come over those mountains; for we shall slay the poor devils before they get there. I do not know of any religion, except doing as I am told . . . I have acknowledged myself as one of the people; and now I say, we will take our own name, and we will not be false-named any more. We are the Kingdom of God; we are STATE or DESERET; and we will have you, brother Brigham, as our Governor just so long as you live. We will not have any other Governor."
A private in the Army stationed at Fr. Leavenworth, Kansas writes before his march to Fr. Floyd in Utah: "That Young's career in Utah should be arrested, no one will deny: none will attempt to apologize for his crimes and those of his fanatical followers. The cause of morality demands the extermination of this nest of adulterers, and no further time should be wasted in attempts at compromise or windy discussion. It were useless to attempt their reformation--the only missionaries that can make headway with them are such as wield the sabre and the musket."
After having been stopped for the winter by the delaying tactics of the Mormons, Col. Johnston's army finally — and peacefully — entered the Salt Lake Valley. The army's encampment, until 1861, was at Camp Floyd in Cedar Valley in Utah County. Most of the Saints north of Utah County had moved south, and they only returned to their homes when peace seemed assured.
Brigham Young dreams "that 4 men came into his room and tried to get in. He tried to shoot them with his pistol but Could not get it off. He then drew a Bowie knife but found it to be a Carving knife with a saw on one side. At the same time Mr Clarkson reached over his shoulder & drew a large Bowie knife from between his shoulders & attempted to kill Presidet Young who said to him you may think that you are going to do sumthing but I will show you. He then threw his saw knife at Clarkson & Just as it was about to enter his body Brigham Young reached out his hand Caught it so that it did not hurt him saying at the same time you now see what I Can do. Clarkson said I see that my life is in your power. At the same time he plunged his knife into his own breast & split it open then handed the handle of the knife all Bloody to B. Young & walked a short distance & fell dead."
Brigham Young tells a visitor to his office: "I am not a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, but I tell you, that if the Congress will do justice to this people the Union will be preserved; but if they trample upon our rights, and interfere unconstitutionally with our privileges they will fall--they will separate."
Brigham Young writes Thomas L. Kane "that the time is not far distant when Utah shall be able to assume her rights and place among the family of nations."
Charles McCarty/William Appleby Company departs on their journey.
Church historian's office notes discovery this morning of severed head of Provo woman who has been at U.S. military camp for a week. Six weeks earlier another woman's head is discovered. These are earliest verified examples of someone taking literally the repeated teachings of Mormon leaders that apostates and adulterers should have their heads "cut off" as "blood atonement" for their sins.
Col. Johnston's army peacefully entered the Salt Lake Valley.
Col. Thomas Kane arrived to negotiate a peaceful solution.
Col. Thomas L. Kane, a friend of the Mormons, voluntarily arrived in Salt Lake City to try to bring about a peaceful solution to the difficulties between the federal government and the Church. After meeting with President Brigham Young, he went to Ft. Scott (near Ft. Bridger) in Wyoming and met with the incoming governor of Utah, Alfred Cummings.
Deseret News operation returns to the Council House in Great Salt Lake City.
Eli Whipple Company departs on their journey.
Federally-appointed territorial governor Alfred Cummings addresses a meeting in the Tabernacle. He professes friendship and "wished if any felt oppressed or wanted his protection to manifest it by vote and to write to him under sealed note. A vote was taken and 3 hands are raised out of 3,000." Cummings is opposed from the pulpit by Gilbert Clements. And then by John Taylor. Taylor is so "hard and personal to Mr Cummings" that he is stopped by Brigham Young, who introduced Cummings to the congregation at the beginning of the meeting.
First Presidency and others return to homes in otherwise-deserted Salt Lake City.
First Presidency, Quorum of Twelve Apostles and "30 Military officers" hold "a Council of war."
Frederick A. Mitchell Company departs on their journey.
George Q. Cannon moves the Deseret News press to Fillmore, Utah amid threat of federal troops.
Horace S. Eldredge Company departs on their journey.
In 1858 there were 0 missionaries called to serve.
Iver N. Iversen Company departs on their journey.
John W. Berry Company departs on their journey.
Served mission to Great Britain.
Kirk Anderson's Valley Tan begins in Great Salt Lake City — the Deseret News' first opposition paper.
Nathan C. Tenney Company departs on their journey.
President Brigham Young relates a dream he had two days previously to Apostle Wilford Woodruff and Woodruff records it in his journal: "He dreamed that 4 men came into his room and tried to get in. He tried to shoot them with his pistol but Could not get it off. He then drew a Bowie knife but found it to be a Carving knife with a saw on one side. At the same time Mr Clarkson reached over his shoulders & attmped to kill Presidet Young who said to him you may think that you are going to do sumthing but I will show you. He then threw his saw knife at Clarkson & just as it was about to enter his body Brigham Young reached out his hand Caught it so that it did not hurt him saying at the time you now see what I Can do. Clarkson said I see that my life is in your power. At the same time he plunged his knife into his own breast & split it open then handed the handle of the knife all Bloody to B. Young & walked a short distance & fell dead."
Russell K. Homer Company departs on their journey.
1858 Church Membership 55,755
The first transatlantic telegraph cable was completed between the United States and Great Britain.
U.S. Army under General Johnston enters the Salt Lake Valley; war averted by negotiation.
U.S. troops pass peacefully through nearly deserted Salt Lake City under terms of presidential amnesty and truce arranged by non-Mormon Thomas L. Kane.
While being visited at his office by Heber C. Kimball, Brigham Young "became suddenly ill and fell on the floor, remaining for a short time unconscious. When recovering from that state he enquired where he was. He got a little better in a short time to be able to walk home, and was accompanied by several of the brethren"
William Huntington Freight Train departs on their journey.
With Salt Lake City packing up in preparation to abandon the city the First Presidency and Twelve meet in Council and consider the case of Apostle Orson Pratt. Pratt has been differing with Brigham Young on doctrinal points. "At the close Orson Pratt Confessed his faults and said that he would never teach those principles again or speak them to any person on the Earth." Pratt, however, does not acknowledge that his views are incorrect. Ironically the Church eventually embraces Pratt's doctrinal beliefs rather than Young's
A. S. Beckwith Company departs on their journey.
At about 2 P.M. on Main Street in Salt Lake City "Mr. Hart the Chief Gambler drew his pistol swareing he would shoot some mormon. A young sprouse followed his example & swore he would shoot a mormon. He mounted his mule & shot 3 balls into the Crowd & run. The Croud shot 6 Balls at him while running.. Shot one ball into the mules neck. Hart also run away."
Brigham Young from the pulpit tells bishops to give Melchizedek priesthood to eighteen-year-old boys, even if they "have been sowing their wild oats for years."
Brigham Young preaches: "I have flattered myself, if I am as faithful as I know how to be to my God, and my brethren, and to all my covenants, and faithful in the discharge of my duty, when I have lived to be as old as was Moses when the Lord appeared to him, that perhaps I then may hold communion with the Lord, as did Moses. I am not now in that position, though I know much more than I did twenty, ten, or five years ago. But have I yet lived to the state of perfection that I can commune in person with the Father and the Son at my will and pleasure? No—though I hold myself in readiness that he can wield me at his will and pleasure. If I am faithful until I am eighty years of age, perhaps the Lord will appear to me and personally dictate me in the management of his Church and people. A little over twenty years, and if I am faithful, perhaps I will obtain that favour with my Father and God."
Deseret News begins publishing some material in the Deseret Alphabet.
DESERET NEWS reports that fifteen child-survivors of Mountain Meadows Massacre leave for Fort Smith, with their escort of soldiers.
Each member of First Presidency is presented as prophet, seer, and revelator; last time general conference sustains anyone with that title until Oct. 9, 1872.
Ebenezer R. Young Freight Train departs on their journey.
Edward Stevenson Company departs on their journey.
Future Church President Joseph F. Smith marries his first cousin Levira Annette Clark Smith. Eight years later she divorces him charging that her husband had "been guilty of the crime of Adultery with several different women.".
George Rowley Company departs on their journey.
Horace Greeley interviewed President Brigham Young.
Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune visits Utah and interviews Brigham Young.
Horace Greeley, founder and editor of the New York Tribune, had a two-hour interview with President Brigham Young, covering a variety of subjects from infant baptism to plurality of wives. The substance of his interview was published a year later in Greeley's Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco.
Horton D. Haight/Frederick Kesler Freight Train departs on their journey.
In 1859 there were 18 missionaries called to serve.
James Lemmon Freight Train departs on their journey.
James S. Brown Company departs on their journey.
Louis R. Chaffin Company departs on their journey.
Prest. Young told Br. Jacob Hamblin that as soon as a court to Justice could be held, so that men could be heard without the influence of the military he should advise men accused to come forward and demand trial on the charges preferred against them for the Mountain Meadows massacre. Hamblin (who did not participate in massacre) refers to his conversation when he testifies at trial of John D. Lee in 1876.
Robert F. Neslen Company departs on their journey.
Seventy-three-year-old Elizabeth Watson wanders away from a handcart company and is not found despite day-long search. The camp moves on without her, only to be amazed on August 15 when she meets them at a trading post west of Independence Rock.
1859 Church Membership 57,038
Two members of the Twelve, Charles C. Rich and Wilford Woodruff assist a team of doctors in removing a gall stone. "Cloriform at 7 minutes before 3 oclock. We first Consecrated a bottle of oil & administered it to him by laying on of hands. We gave him an ounce of Cloriform & some 3 oz of Either ether. We were 45 minutes giving him the Cloriform. . . . They run a tube up the penus into the bladder, then Cut into the body by the side of the tube in the bladder. He was 10 minutes cutting to the Stone & 14 minutes taking it away making 24 minutes in the operation. The stone was of a dark sand stone Couler, vary rough surface."
U.S. army officer writes: "Saw two skulls today from the scene of the Mountain Meadows Massacre--One of them was shot though, the ball entering the back part of the head and coming out near the right temple. The other had two gashes on the top as if from a sharp knife. They were of young persons."
U.S. army sergeant Ralph Pike is shot in Salt Lake City just before his trial for assaulting LDS youth, Howard O. Spencer. A diary notes that murderer is "seen by hundreds and no one knew him and no two gave the same description of him." At trial in 1889 Spencer pleas temporary insanity and jury acquits him. DESERET NEWS editorializes on May 11, 1889 that murdered man "richly deserved his fate."
Wilford Woodruff dreams "of having a terrible battle with a rattle snake. He tried to bite me all over but did not seem to hurt me." He awakens and falls asleep again and dreams "that I had an orchard of several acres of Apple trees and I thought the ground was Covered with vary large red ripe Apples. I thought there were hundreds of Bushels so ripe that they must be used up in order to save them. I was making preperations to make them into Cider when I awoke."
Wilford Woodruff records in his journal: " I accompanied Second Counselor Daniel H. Wells to the House of George Alley. Soon the surgeons Came to Cut his right Eye out. He had tumor grown in the back part of his Eye which had pushed his Eye out of his head about an inch & bursted the ball. They gave him Cloriform. In 10 minutes he was insensible. They took his Eye out in about 10 minutes more. He lay asleep all the time & was not sensible of any thing during the operation. When he Came to Brother Wells asked him if he knew what they had been doing. He did not know. Brother Wells told him they had taken his Eye. He said thank God for it."
Wilford Woodruff writes, "there is so many rumours afloat Concerning the troops Coming here we packed up all the records of the office to save them from being burned in case the City should be burned. Brother Bentley helped me move a Box of Books. I put it in the safe." The day before Woodruff mentioned rumors that "a company of volunteers from Arkansas are on their way to Iron County to punish those who had a hand in the Mountain meadow massacree & that a thousand men are on the way to guard the Governmet money in route for the armey. This afternoon the City is filled with rumors saying that Johnson is coming to this City with two ridgments, that Col Johnson sent word to Gov Cummings if he did not straighten out Brigham Young & the mormons he should take the matter into his own hands."
Wilford Woodruff writes: "President Young Called at the office to attend our lessons in the Deseret Alphabet."
At a meeting in the bowery on the Temple Block, President Brigham Youngcondemned the practice of missionaries asking members in the mission field for support and, instead, said that missionary service should be financed by members at home.
Brigham Yong's office journal records: "President spoke of early times in the church. He said a devil stood at his head sic when he had chills and fevers, the Devil touched him several times sometimes on his hand and sometimes on his forehead then the chills would commence again, by exercising faith and rebuking the Devil he kept him off and the chills & fever also."
Brigham Young "remarked a woman purporting to be his wife used to lecture against Mormonism in the States; and a man used to accompany her as a protector, they were caught in bed together and published in the Eastern papers."
Brigham Young announces: "When I present the authorities of this Church for the Conference to vote upon, there if there is a member here who honestly and sincerely thinks that any person whose name is presented should not hold the office he is appointed to fill, let him speak. I will give full liberty, not to preach sermons, nor to degrade character, but to briefly state objections, and at the proper time I will hear the reasons for any objections that may be advanced." Mormon diarist writes that "a wonder among the Saints" occurs during sustaining, when one man votes against Heber C. Kimball. He remains first counselor, but identity of dissident is unknown.
Brigham Young calls a special meeting of the First Presidency and Apostles to review Orson Pratt's recent public confession. Young is upset that Pratt has only apologized to Young without admitting that the doctrine he taught was wrong. Young says, "I want him to say that his views are contrary to truth and right; his sermon represents me to the world as a tyrant trammeling them to believe as I do right or wrong; it is my calling President to see that right doctrines are taught." Pratt replies "In regard to Adam being our Father and God . . . I frankly say, I have no confidence in it, . . . " Pratt's heretical view later becomes Church doctrine and Young's doctrine later becomes heretical.
Brigham Young condemned missionaries asking members for support.
Brigham Young discusses "the abuses of the Postal arrangements, they are a set of thieves from beginning to end, In one instance they opened a communication that George A. Smith sent to his brother and published it."
Brigham Young dreams: "that I was in a room with Phineas Young and I saw a smooth faced young man setting beside him. I asked Phineas who it was. He replyed this is the saviour. (I did not believe it.) I smiled and said I wonder if he is the saviour. Phineas said he was. I then asked the person if he was the Savior. He said he was. I asked him if so how long have you been here? He said 14 days. I said have you a wife? He said yes this is my wife pointing to a woman dressed in black with a thick dark veil over her face. Said this is my wife. I thought it a funny idea. I felt that I wanted to prove him. Soon the woman vanished and he turned into a woman himself. Then I awoke and the thought Came to me that it was a representation of young Joseph III & Emma Smith who had undertook to Esstablish a Church but it was upon fals ground & principles in opposition to the true Church of Christ. I was satisfied he was not the saviour."
Brigham Young gives instructions to Ezra T. Benson: "I want the twelve to meet together in the City about once in two or three months, not longer than three months I want them to preach in the Territory now, & other elders to preach abroad, the 12 are getting old now, and let others do the preaching abroad."
Brigham Young instructs bishops "when a Bishop fully magnified his office they would preside over there wards as a man does over his family. The Bishop would dictate to every man woman & Child what they should do. No one shall be Idle but all should labor. The Bishop would then dictate to every man what he should raise and how much and every one should be set to work and when any one in the ward should have bread all should have it. Well says the poor shiftless man that never earned a home or a pair of shoes I would like that doctrine for then I would have a house as big as Brigham Young. No you would not until you earned it."
Brigham Young instructs newly appointed missionaries: "There is another vary important subject which I wish to speak of & that is the temptation you will have from women. This has caused the down fall of more Elders in this Church than any other thing. There is some Elders who go on there missions all there lives and keep themselves clean & pure all there lives. Others come home and are shady. Their Countenance Falls. They Cannot look you straight in the Eye. They have fallen in the snare. Joseph said in speaking to the first Twelve that they would have to watch against this snare For they would have more trouble from this source than any other. Now let every woman alone while you are gone. Don't lay your hand upon any woman, but keep yourselves clean. Some have to bring a group of women with them. They have to get a new dove into their house while they are gone. Let those things alone while abroad. But what is done upon that subject let it be done here."
Brigham Young preaches "he was contending against a principle in many of the Bishops to use up all the Tithing they could for their own families."
Brigham Young preaches: "Brother Cannon remarked that people wondered how many wives and children I had. He may inform them that I shall have wives and children by the million, and glory, and riches, and power, and dominion, and kingdom after kingdom, and reign triumphantly."
Brigham Young remarks "while talking over the untimely deaths of Brewer & Johnson, two men found shot to death two days previously in Salt Lake City that he was much gratified that the time had come when mormons could not be insulted mobbed and destroyed as they once were." Wilford Woodruff referred to Brewer and Johnson as "both Desperate wicked men."
Brigham Young says, "if a man has not the means to pay tithing and would if he could, I can fellowship him just as well as if he did; but if he has the means and will not pay; and has no disposition to pay; not believing the revelation upon that subject, I would cut him off from the Church; and let him go to California or where he pleases."
Brigham Young tells the Apostles that he loves them more than he loves any woman.
Brigham Young's financial report informs general conference that from 1857 to this date, church spent total of $70,204 in excess of what has been received in money and Tithing." This is first financial report to acknowledge church's deficit spending.
Brigham Young's office journal notes: "Pres. Joseph Young reported that Almerin Grow would attend his councils at the Seventies Hall. The President requested Bro. A. Carrington to read an affidavit made by Almerin Grow that the Library was destroyed by Brigham Young. President Young observed he ought not to attend Seventies or Bishops Meetings."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "The President observed he was prejudiced against many of the Elders who had labored in England their course had been oppresive to the people for the sake of living like gentlemen, coming home in carriages, and bringing or buying home Merchandize to trade with; he should enquire of other Elders into particulars, and do all he could to stop this system of begging from the Saints. The President alluded to his former travels in England and how little he had done upon. H. C. Kimball alluded to the little he had ever received from the Saints."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Albert Carrington read a letter from Sydney Rigdon to the President. The President remarked Sydney is crazy. . . ."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Bishop Allen Taylor related an immoral affair to the President and requested counsel of him, he replied I would cut him off the Church. The President observed in many cases women are much to blame; but the man must always realize he is the Lord of the woman; and in the end is responsible for his actions and not the woman."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Bro. Greenwood called in and reported Bp. L. E. Harrington was very sick and had sent him up for counsel about Bro. Gordons first wife, and bro Smith as it was supposed there had been an improper intimacy. The Ward had cut them off. The President said her husband should divorce her, and Smith & her should be baptised and then they should marry."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "George A. Smith called in the President, and other of the brethren discussed the nature and habits of the Beaver."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Heber C. Kimball observed that mormonism had made him all that he was: he was worth $20,000 now; and if he had remained in the States he would have been a poor man to this day."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "In the Evening Br T. Ellerbeck came into the Office and had some conversation about grape raising, Brother Carrington joined in and conversed about making grape wine."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "In the evening Pres. Young discoursed upon the folly of daring each other to rash acts."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "L Snow called in and enquired in the course of conversation if he thought the emigration would meet with any hindrances from the US. The President said he did not, and expected the United States would burst up in five years.
Brigham Young's office journal recoreds: "The President alluded to a joke between him and Dr Willard Richards. The President had sic once said to him if you will make a gentleman of me I will make a real man of you."
Daniel Robison Company departs on their journey.
DESERET NEWS editorial: "Murder after murder has been committed with impunity within the precincts of Great Sale Lake City, till such occurrences no not seemingly attract much attention, particularly when the murdered have had the reputation of being thieves and murderers or of associating with such characters from day to day . . ."
DESERET NEWS favorably reports lynching of horse-thief A.B. Baker by possee deputized to arrest him. He is "buried by those who thus meted out to him summary justice not exactly according to law, but upon a more speedy, economical and salutary principle. . ." In territorial Utah, there are eleven judicial executions, and same number of lynchings by mobs (primarily Mormons).
First Pony Express rider arrives in Salt Lake City, bringing news from the Missouri River in six days.
Franklin Brown Company departs on their journey.
Hooper and Eldredge Freight Train departs on their journey.
In 1860 there were 96 missionaries called to serve.
James D. Ross Company departs on their journey.
Jesse Murphy Company departs on their journey.
John Smith Company departs on their journey.
John Taylor Company departs on their journey.
Received first telegram on the transcontinental telegraph line.
Joseph W. Young Freight Train departs on their journey.
Kimball and Lawrence Freight Train departs on their journey.
Last of ten handcart groups arrived in Salt Lake City.
Oscar O. Stoddard Company departs on their journey.
Salt Lake City population is 8,191.
Salt Lake City's LDS mayor cautions Brigham Young that William A. Hickman has been useful as a dog to protect Mormon flock but should now be removed because he is also killing Mormons within the fold.
1860 Church Membership 61,082
The Deseret News is by this date an eight-page weekly.
The last of 10 groups of pioneers to cross the plains by handcarts arrived in Salt Lake City.
The Pony Dispatch commences — the first daily newspaper in Utah, issued by the Deseret News.
The Pony Express mail service began. A number of young Mormons were among the riders.
Utah population about 40,000.
Warren Walling Company departs on their journey.
Wilford Woodruff records: " Presidet Young made some remarks upon his Commandmets to the Elders. He said that every man that had gone out on missions and turned merchants there are not worth a groat. When they Come home they are empty in spirit and become beggerly poor. Brother P. P. Pratt began this in England and He was beggerly poor for years & Erastus Snow and F. D. Richards Came home merchants and they are poor and Orson Pratt came home in Carriages & with silks and satins and he is poor. He spoke in the power of God and sharply rebuked the Twelve & Elders for their spirit of speculation which they indulged in and when such Elders get home they have not the spirit of God in them. H. C. Kimball. . . . said that the Elders had been like blood suckers from Here to England and it is time for it to be stoped, and let the women alone & not be Corting them but let them alone. Many bring home women & want the president to soon seal a woman to him. This will soon kill him."
William Budge Company departs on their journey.
A bill was approved by U.S. President James Buchanan that provided for the organization of the Nevada Territory out of the western portions of Utah.
As the nation nears the beginning of the Civil War, Brigham Young's office journal records that he is "pleased with the news which showed more and more secession, and each party was preparing for war, thus giving the Kingdom of God an opportunity of being established upon the Earth."
Bill approved organizing Nevada Territory from western Utah.
Brigham Young and counselor Daniel H. Wells have "a discussion on the use of artillery and contrasted the cannons with Guns, and gave the preference to Small arms. The President told an anecdote of a Ball fired from a Gun that struck a Knot in a rail & then rebounded back, and shot a horse in the heart, the ball was intended for a crow."
Brigham Young changes seniority of apostles Wilford Woodruff and John Taylor and ranks Woodruff after Taylor, first time in 22 years. Says their ranking should be according to ordination date rather than previous ranking according to age.
President of Deseret Agriculture and Manufacturing Society.
Brigham Young preaches and publishes: "Three High Priests form a Quorum. . . .Let a Quorum of High Priests go into an upper room, and there appear before the Lord in the garments of the holy Priesthood and offer up before the Father, in the name of Jesus, the signs of the holy Priesthood, and then ask God to give a revelation."
Brigham Young preaches that no woman "will never become an angel to the devil, and sin so far as to place herself beyond the reach of mercy."
Brigham Young preaches, "If a woman is sealed to a good man she should be satisfied & attend to her own business & let her husband alone & not be watching him all the time. Women are sealed to men to bring forth Children & not to gratify passion & much was said upon this subject"
Brigham Young preaches: "Many of the brethren chew tobacco, and I have advised them to be modest about it. Do not take out a whole plug of tobacco in meeting before the eyes of the congregation, and cut off a long slice and put it in your mouth, to the annoyance of everybody around. Do not glory in this disgraceful practice. If you must use tobacco, put a small portion in your mouth when no person sees you, and be careful that no one sees you chew it. I do not charge you with sin."
Brigham Young sends first message on newly completed Overland Telegraph line to president of Pacific Telegraph Company in Ohio: "Utah has not seceded, but is firm for the Constitution and laws of our once happy country."
Brigham Young sent the first telegram over the overland telegraph line.
Brigham Young tells conference it is necessary "to grease the wheels" (bribe federal officials). "To show how minutely corruption prevails where justice should exist," Young gives example where it was necessary to pay $1,300 bribe "to get our claims paid for expenditures in quelling Indian disturbances in 1853." This is first announcement of First Presidency's policy to bribe federal officials when necessary. Historian Wallace D. Farnham once described the frequent graft in nineteenth-century federal government as the "weakened spring of government" in America.
Brigham Young's "destroying angel" William A. "Wild Bill" Hickman falls down and accidentally shoots himself in the liver when his gun discharges. He lives for twenty-two more years and omits this incident from his memoirs that are written before his execution.
Brigham Young's office journal notes: "President Daniel H. Wells in a conversation he had with Pres. Joseph Young noticed that Jefferson Davis & Secretary Floyd, were traitors to the general government, as they had been acting treacherously to the Government for the last four years, and favoring the Southern Confederacy. President Joseph Young remarked that if such treacherous men should have their blood shed it might lighten the penalty of their crimes when they were brought to judgment."
Brigham Young's office journal records: " In the evening President Wells read to the President a part of the life of Senator Stephen A. Douglass, deceased, in which it mentioned a circumstance wherein Joseph Smith (Prophet) was protected by him. The President remarked that Stephen A. Douglass was a far better man than President Abel Lincoln for he knew his feelings were hostile to this people."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "A Mr. Benjamins representing himself an Ethnological Tourist, and a jew by birth, called upon the President he stated he was in search of the lost tribes, he sated that Br. Alexander Neibaur had represented the Mormon people to him, as being of the tribe of Joseph, particularly through his son Ephraim. The President said he would have written down some particulars respecting this people and hand it to him to aid him in his researches."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Br. Samuel Murphy called upon the President and mentioned to him that his eyes were bad and his stomach out of order. The President told him to take care of himself, and to wear a good shade to his eyes, and take some medicine to cleanse his stomach. The President noticed the effects of the first dose of lobelia he took, the lobelia poked the phlegm, but not his food. he observed persons have formed a prejudice against lobelia, because their stomachs were not properly prepared with warm drinks until they ware in a perspiration before they took the lobelia, if there is no disease the lobelia will not cause a vomit but will pass off the same as any thing else taken into the stomach, but if there is disaese then the lobelia will cause a puke."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "In the evening Pres. Young discussed with his brother Joseph, the character of a few partly colored brethren The President remarked there are men who have had the dark Skin of Cain partly So, who may have the blood of Abraham in them enough to control themselves in righteousness, and fulfil the requirements of the Gospel as well as many other whites, Some of these partly dark brethren may be shifless, but there are many whites who are also shiftless. The President also spoke favorably of Isaac, a colored man who had worked for him for many years he also remarked he would confer any blessing to him he could, believing him to deserve it."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Pres Young & his brother Phineas, had some conversation about the death of Stephen A. Douglass the President remarked he should be president in the lower world and Tom Benton should be his first counsellor. ..."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "President Young remarked to H.C. Kimball who had come in that Old Abe the President of the U.S. has it in his mind to pitch in to us when he had got through with the South. President Kimball observed that men that he had met with whether they had little or much of the Spirit of God were in favor of the South. President Young, as of the opinion the sympathy of the people for the South was in case they should be whipped, and the Northern party remain in power he thought they -wanted the War to go that both parties might be used up."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "Two of Brother Orson Pratt's wives called upon the President, and told him they needed clothing & furniture for they were very destitute."
Brigham Young's office journal states: "President Young had some conversation with his Br. Joseph about the form and principles of a Republican Government. The President remarked in a republican government the people have a right to interfere when the Officers of the Government are taking a wrong course; he also remarked that Joseph Morris the crazy prophet would give fight to this people if his numbers were strong enough."
Church historian records when Brigham Young visits Mountain Meadows he says memorial plaque should read: "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little."
Civil War (1861-1865) begins.
Concerning U.S. Civil War Brigham Young says: "Will it be over in six months or in three years? No; it will take years and years and will never cease until the work is accomplished. . . and it will spread and continue until the land is emptied." His remarks echo Joseph Smith's "Civil War" prophecy rather than the common feeling of the day.
David H. Cannon Company departs on their journey.