Samuel A. Woolley Company departs on their journey
Samuel A. Woolley Company departs on their journey.
Thirteen hundred miles west. Wagon companies and, for ten years, handcart companies cross the plains, and roughly four hundred settlements are planted across the Great Basin and beyond. Brigham Young leads for thirty years; the era ends with the St George temple finished and his death in the same year.
930 entries in this era, shown 200 to a page. This is page 4 of 5, covering 1861 to 1869. See the same material on the moving timeline.
Samuel A. Woolley Company departs on their journey.
Sidney Tanner Company departs on their journey.
Sixtus E. Johnson Company departs on their journey.
Swiss, Italian and German mission is created
1861 Church Membership 66,211
The Civil War began as Confederate forces fired on Ft. Sumter in South Carolina.
The Deseret News prints its first extra with a dispatch received over the wire.
The Deseret News publishes its first regular issue with telegraph accounts, including a message from President Lincoln.
The first baptisms in the Netherlands took place near the village of Broek-Akkerwoude in the northern province of Friesland. A monument marking the site was erected in 1936.
The first of several Church wagon trains left the Salt Lake Valley with provisions for incoming Saints, whom they would meet at the Missouri River. This was the beginning of a new program to help immigrating Saints that lasted until the railroad came in 1869.
The Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star publishes a poem about Adam, "Sons of Michael," with the opening lines: "Sons of Michael, he approaches!/ Rise; the Eternal Father greet.". The 1927 hymnal converts the 1861 poem "Sons of Michael" to hymn 334. The line with Adam as the Eternal Father is replaced by "Sons of Michael, He approaches!/ Rise; the ancient Father greet."
Thomas Woolley Company departs on their journey.
Wilford Woodruff writes: " We here found Brother Thomas B. Marsh quite Crazy. He had been Confined by being Chained up. He was now better. Attended? Meeting. He hert his tongue runing like a Flutter wheel when He had a Chance? & the spittle drulling down out o£ his mouth. This shows a sample of Apostacy & the Effects of Betraying his brethren. The following are names of the different Devils which He says are tormenting him. He gave the Names as follows: Marrianeuba, Anonondo Oie Harrewansdo, Dononvah, Toddewandah, Tonanando, Gandesande, Annonvah, Sotecalandaco, Plutoa"
William K. McKissick Company departs on their journey.
Word of the firing on Fort Sumter reaches the Deseret News office; paper-making begins in Sugar House.
Wright-Godbe/George Stringham Freight Train departs on their journey.
A federal law was passed and approved by President Abraham Lincoln, defining plural marriage as bigamy and declaring it a crime. Mormons considered the law unconstitutional and refused to honor it.
A heavy rain keeps either side from doing much damage in the "Morrisite war" in Weber County, Utah. The Mormon posse is reinforced by an additional cannon. One member of the posse writes that cannon fire "made the mountains tremble and intimated to the yet deluded people that there was a little more thunder in store for them on the morrow."
Abel Parker Company departs on their journey.
Ansil P. Harmon Company departs on their journey.
Arba L. Lambson Company departs on their journey.
Brigham Young holds a meeting with "with some merchants . . . for the purpose of getting our Brethren who were Merchants to enter into some arrangements to lower the present high prices of goods, and by combination to drive from our midst all foreign merchants. . . . Many explanations were made by the Brethren present relative to their manner of doing business showing from figures that their profits were not so large now as they were when goods were sold at much lower figures. . . . No definite conclusion was arrived at, The Brethren agreed to think about the matter and expressed themselves willing to do what they could to accomplish the object in view."
Brigham Young's office journal records: "President Young remarked there were some things that Elder Orson Pratt did not believe in, he noticed that on one occasion Br. Orson wanted to prove that the moving forces were caused by a law of repulsion and not attraction, he noticed than an opposition in all things existed, and necessarily there must be attraction as well as repulsion, the Pres. remarked Br. Orson was a righteous man. Pres. Heber C. Kimball called in The President discussed with him the wicked course the American Nation had taken with this people, observing the government was running into a despotism, and they were willing the government should be despotic while they were in power. The President observed that Abraham Lincoln was a sagacious man, but believed he was as wicked a man as ever lived."(the bracketed words are written down but crossed out.)
Christian A. Madsen Company departs on their journey.
Colonel Patrick Edward Connor, commander of the military district of Utah, reports to Army Headquarters: "It will be impossible for me to describe what I saw and heard in Salt Lake, so as to make you realize the enormity of Mormonism; suffice it, that I found them a community of traitors, murderers, fanatics and whores…"
First session of "ghost government" of theocratic State of Deseret, which publicly meets, passes its own laws (duplicates of what same legislators have just done in territorial legislature), holds elections, and functions until 1872. Significant as theocratic symbol but unimportant in practice.
Gilbert and Gerrish Freight Train departs on their journey.
Godbe Freight Train departs on their journey.
Henry W. Miller Company departs on their journey.
Homer Duncan Company departs on their journey.
Horton D. Haight Company departs on their journey.
In 1862 there were 27 missionaries called to serve.
Isaac A. Canfield Company departs on their journey.
James S. Brown Company departs on their journey.
James Wareham Company departs on their journey.
John R. Murdock Company departs on their journey.
John R. Young Freight Train departs on their journey.
Joseph Horne Company departs on their journey.
Lewis Brunson Company departs on their journey.
Ola N. Liljenquist Company departs on their journey.
Salt Lake Theater dedicated as an important cultural center.
The "Morrisite war" ends when the Mormon posse storms the Morrisite compound. While spectators watch from the hillside the posse enters the compound. Joseph Morris is killed when he resists arrest and two women are "accidentally" killed in the process. Robert T. Burton, leader of the posse, is indicted eight years later for murder of Morris and others but the indictment is quashed by the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1879 Burton is again indicted and brought to trial for the murder of one of the women. A "mixed" jury of Mormons and non-Mormons finds him not guilty.
1862 Church Membership 68,780
The Church sent 262 wagons, 292 men, 2,880 oxen and 143,315 pounds of flour to the Missouri River to assist poor immigrants from Europe on their trek to the Great Basin.
The Conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Chior is Charles John Thomas. First director to lead the choir in the current Salt Lake Tabernacle building in regular performances
The Salt Lake Theater, which became an important cultural center for Mormon people in the area, was dedicated. It was opened to the public two days later.
U.S. Army Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas, by order of the Secretary of War and the President, writes to Brigham Young: "By express direction of the President of the United States you are hereby authorized to raise, arm, and equip one company of cavalry for ninety days' service. . . . to protect the property of the telegraph and overland mail companies in or about Independence Rock now in Wyoming, on the Oregon Trail, where depredations have been committed, and will be continued in service only till the U.S. troops can reach the point where they are so much needed. . . .It will not be used for any offensive operations other than may grow out of the duty hereinbefore assigned to it." The intriguing point about this request is that it did not go to the territorial government officers but to Brigham Young, a tacit recognition of who really controlled Utah.
Western telegraph line from Salt Lake to Carson City to San Francisco completed; Brigham Young sends the first message.
Wilford Woodruff records words of Brigham Young: "'If we do not Hurry with this building the Salt Lake Temple I am afraid we shall not get it up until we have to go back to Jackson County which I Expect will be in 7 years. I do not want to quite finish this Temple for there will not be any Temple finished until the One is finished in Jackson County Missouri pointed out by Joseph Smith. Keep this a secret to yourselves lest some may be discouraged. Some things we should keep to ourselves. . . . President Young then said to Brother Morley & Levi Jackman who was Standing by, you are both Jackson County Members, & I want you to live to go back to jackson County with me. He also said here is brother Woodruff. He was the first man that I felt lead by the spirit to speak to about the organization of the Church."
Wilford Woodruff writes: "President Young again took up the Deseret Alphabet and Conversed upon that subject. He spoke of what he had done to introduce that subject to this people. He had sent East, and got a font of the best deserett type made that Could be got and Still the regency and superintendent of Common Schools, the Teachers nor people none of them have faith Enough to introduce the Deserett Alphabet into the schools. I will not give my Consent or furnish any type to publish that Book or any other for Children with the Errors now Exhisting in the English arthography. By doing this we teach our Children fals principles which they have to wallow through all there lives. If I Cannot present to my Children true principles in there language I do not want to present any thing to them. Neither will I use my priesthood to force it upon the people. If the people will not assist me to introduce it for the benefit of the rising generation they may go without it. But we Can buy those gentile school books for Children much Cheaper than we Can make them Here, and I dont wish to have any of that Class of Books made here."
Served special mission to Hawaii with Elders Ezra T. Benson and Lorenzo Snow.
William H. Dame Company departs on their journey.
With authorization of Utah's acting governor Frank Fuller, a military-sized (between 200 and 1000 men) Mormon "posse" attacks schismatic community of Joseph Morris in Weber County, Utah. The "Morrisites" had imprisoned three apostate "spies." When negotiations stall the posse fires a cannon into the Morrisite congregation killing two women and leaving seventeen-year-old Mary Christofferson's chin dangling by a flap of skin. The Morrisites return fire and the "Morrisite war" begins.
This edition was created in Liverpool, England and was compiled by Albert Carrington. There were 330 Hymns in this edition. At the time it was edition number 13.
Alvus H. Patterson Company departs on their journey.
At night in Salt Lake City, cannon fire is heard from Fort Douglas. Mormons respond by sounding their own alarm, via cannon, and many Mormons hastily dress, grab their arms, and rush to Brigham Young's residence ready to defend against an invasion by the U.S. Army. The noise from Ft. Douglas turns from cannon fire to band music and Mormons later learn that the Army men are only celebrating their commander's promotion to brigadier-general.
Brigham Young speaks about future complex of twenty-four temples in Independence, Missouri: "A tower upon Each then a main high Tower in the center with gardens on the top of the Towers with fruit & flowers growing thereon." On July 8, 1861 he said the temple complex will cover ten acres of land.
Brigham Young tells conference that Joseph Smith III will never become LDS president but that martyred prophet prophesied this role for David H. Smith.
Brigham Young writes to several Indian chiefs: "We have been informed that you have determined to take up the war hatchet, and to kill the whites who are peaceably traveling across the country; . . . It is better to suffer wrong than to do wrong. I have always been your friend and have endeavored to do you good, and you must abide my command."
CHICAGO TIMES notes, in an article about the newly opened Chicago Museum: "There are the two mummies which in the hands of Joe Smith were made to give a revelation and still they bear the original tablets with the cabalistic or coptic characters thereon."
Daniel D. McArthur Company departs on their journey.
General Patrick Edward Connor and Federal Indian superintendent James D. Doty meet with the Southern Utes. After the chiefs had expressed some apprehensions, Connor is able to dissuade them from the idea that the army wanted to fight or exterminate them. The Utes had been told this by Mormon leaders.
Horton D. Haight Company departs on their journey.
In 1863 there were 50 missionaries called to serve.
Isaac A. Canfield Company departs on their journey.
John F. Sanders Company departs on their journey.
John R. Murdock Company departs on their journey.
John R. Young Company departs on their journey.
John W. Woolley Company departs on their journey.
Passenger ship AMAZON departs London with 882 Mormon emigrants aboard, British author Charles Dickens observes: "Now, I have seen emigrant ships before this day in june. And these people are so strikingly different from all other people in like circumstances whom I have ever seen." He explains: "Nobody is in an ill-temper, nobody is the worse for drink, nobody swears an oath or uses a coarse word, nobody appears depressed, nobody is weeping . . . they established their own police, made their own regulations, and set their own watches at all hatchways."
Peter Nebeker Company departs on their journey.
President Brigham Young was arrested on a charge of bigamy and placed under a $2,000 bond by Judge Kinney. He was never brought to trial, however.
Rosel Hyde Company departs on their journey.
Samuel D. White Company departs on their journey.
1863 Church Membership 71,770
Thomas E. Ricks Company departs on their journey.
William B. Preston Company departs on their journey.
A small group of Saints bound for Utah sailed from Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Five days later another group set sail for Utah from South Africa.
Assistant Adjutant General Richard C. Drum, staff officer of the Army of the Pacific, wires General Patrick Edward Connor, commander at Ft. Douglas: "The major-general commanding the department approves of your determination to avoid a conflict with the Mormons. Do so by all means. Is there not some other cause than the mere presence of the guard in the city? Examine closely. Remove the guards and troops rather than their presence should cause a war."
General Patrick Edward Connor, commander at Fort Douglas, telegraphs his superiors: "Encouraged by the unfavorable news from the East, the Mormons are assuming a very hostile attitude. They have about 1,000 men under arms and are still assembling, and threaten to drive my provost guard from the city; alleged excuse for armed demonstration, the presence of the provost guard in the city. My command is much scattered, having only 300 men at this camp. If conflict takes place, which I will endeavor to avoid, can hold my position until re-enforced from neighboring Territories."
In 1864 there were 52 missionaries called to serve.
Isaac A. Canfield Company departs on their journey.
John D. Chase Company departs on their journey.
John R. Murdock Company departs on their journey.
John Smith Company departs on their journey.
Served short-term mission to Hawaii.
Joseph S. Rawlins Company departs on their journey.
Joseph W. Young Company departs on their journey.
Netherlands mission is created
Sandwich Islands mission is created
Strike for higher wages by laborers doing construction on East Temple Street (now Main Street) and on Salt Lake City Hall. DESERET NEWS on June 29 criticizes their "coercion . . . when the same end might be obtained in a more agreeable way."
1864 Church Membership 74,348
Udgorn Seion (Welsh) ceases publication.
Warren S. Snow Company departs on their journey.
William B. Preston Company departs on their journey.
William D. Pritchett Company departs on their journey.
William Hyde Company departs on their journey.
William S. Warren Company departs on their journey.
A war with the Indians began in central Utah, known as the Black Hawk War. It lasted until 1867.
Abraham Lincoln signed the document abolishing slavery in the United States. After ratification by 27 states. The measure became the 13th Amendment to the Constitution on Dec. 18, 1865.
Brigham Young preaches: "We have persons in this church who have preached and published doctrines on the subject of the Deity which are not true. Elder Orson Pratt has written extensively on the doctrines of this church, and upon this particular doctrine. When he writes and speaks upon subjects with which he is acquainted and understands, he is a very sound reasoner; but when he has written upon matters of which he knows nothing--his own philosophy, which I call vain philosophy--he is wild, uncertain, and contradictory. . . . God created man, as we create our children; for there is no other process of creation in heaven, on the earth, in the earth, or under the earth, or in all the eternities, that is, that were, or that ever will be. . . . Since the founding of the Roman empire monogamy has prevailed more extensively than in times previous to that. The founders of that ancient empire were robbers and women stealers, and made laws favoring monogamy in consequence of the scarcity of women among them, and hence this monogamic system which now prevails throughout all Christendom, and which has been so fruitful a source of prostitution and whoredom throughout all the Christian monogamic cities of the Old and New World, until rottenness and decay are at the root of their institutions both national and religious.." In the congregation is visiting Speaker of the U.S. House of representatives and future vice-president Schuyler Colfax.
Church agreed to build a telegraph line connecting Utah settlements.
Civil War ends; President Lincoln assassinated.
D. J. McCann Freight Train departs on their journey.
Deseret News begins using a Hoe cylinder steam-powered press (1,800 papers/hour).
Eastern States mission is created
First Presidency and Twelve publish proclamation against Lucy Mack Smith's BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF JOSEPH SMITH THE PROPHET and against some of Apostle Orson Pratt's published teachings. Concerning Mother Smith's biography of her son: "Every one in the Church, male or female, if they have such a book, to dispose of it." Proclamation also threatens excommunication against anyone espousing doctrines such as Pratt's statement: "The Father and Son do not progress in knowledge and wisdom, because they already know all things past, present, and to come."
Henson Walker Company departs on their journey.
In 1865 there were 71 missionaries called to serve.
In a special conference, the Church agreed to build a telegraph line connecting the settlements in Utah. The line was completed in 1867.
Miner G. Atwood Company departs on their journey.
Orson Pratt and William W. Ritter arrived in Austria. They were soon banished.
President Lincoln asks Brigham Young to provide 90 men to protect mail and telegraph lines in Wyoming.
SALT LAKE TELEGRAM reports that Salt Lake City's Jews celebrate Yom Kippur in LDS 14th Ward chapel, as arranged by Brigham Young.
Special Church conference in Salt Lake City passes a motion to erect a telegraph line from St. Charles to St. George.
Special conference agrees to build telegraph line in Utah. At same time Black Hawk War with Native American Indians commences in central Utah and continues for two years.
1865 Church Membership 76,771
The Conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Chior is Robert Sands. Directed the choir for the first performance in the Salt Lake Tabernacle, 1867.
The Deseret News begins a semi-weekly edition (continues until 1922).
The Deseret News publishes a call for young men to become Deseret Telegraph operators.
The Pony Dispatch (extras from the Deseret News) discontinued.
U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., while watching a performance of "Our American Cousin."
Wilford Woodruff records: "President Young spoke 40 minutes. He spoke his Feelings in great plainness Concerning Orson. Pratt & his publications. He said Orson Pratt would go to Hell. Joseph Smith said he would when Orson said in Nauvoo, Illinois that he would believe his wife Sarah before he would Joseph Smith. He will go to Hell as Joseph Said. He would Sell this people for gold. What would I give for Such an Apostle? Not much and yet we hold him in Fellowship in the Church."
Wilford Woodruff records: "We met in a Bowery at Manti to hold a 2 days Meeting. A Company of 50 men went out to try to overtake & punish the Indians who were killing the people. Col Warren L Snow had Charge of the Command. Our Meeting opened by prayer by W. Woodruff. John Taylor Spoke 28 minutes. (While speaking it was found that many had loaded guns in the Congregation. All that were loaded was taken out & stashed outside & a guard put over them.)"
William S. Godbe Company departs on their journey.
William S. S. Willes Company departs on their journey.
Young men and women attend a school of telegraphy in Salt Lake City to operate the Deseret Telegraph.
Abner Lowry Company departs on their journey.
Andrew H. Scott Company departs on their journey.
Brigham Young orders a committee formed to "correct the errors in the History of Joseph Smith as published by Mother Smith & then let it be published to the world." Young had earlier ordered all copies of Lucy Mack Smith's book burned. The new edition of the book contains a preface which explains that Lucy Mack Smith's book had been altered so that her testimony might be "preserved."
Brigham Young requested bishops reorganize Relief Societies in wards.
Brigham Young tells general conference it is right of Joseph Smith's last son, David H. Smith, to be president of LDS church.
Circleville Massacre, in which local Mormon militia shoots hand-tied Piede Indian men, then slits throats of their women and children one-by-one. Of this incident commanding general Daniel H. Wells (Brigham Young's counselor) writes that these "brethren" did what was necessary.
Daniel Thompson Company departs on their journey.
Deseret Book Company created by George Q. Cannon and Sons as a retail bookstore and publisher.
Deseret Telegraph connected from Salt Lake City to Ogden; Brigham Young sends the first message.
Deseret Telegraph connected in Logan.
Deseret Telegraph connected in Manti.
First conference conducted in the newly completed Tabernacle on Temple Square.
Horton D. Haight Company departs on their journey.
In 1866 there were 32 missionaries called to serve.
John D. Holladay Company departs on their journey.
Tabernacle on Temple Square (Salt Lake City, Utah) completed.
Joseph S. Rawlins Company departs on their journey.
North America and Europe connected via transoceanic undersea telegraph wires.
Peter Nebeker Company departs on their journey.
Robert Leroy Parker is born in Beaver, Utah, the eldest of thirteen children. He is baptized at the age of eight. He later achieves notoriety as "Butch Cassidy" His temple work was performed in his behalf by his brother-in-law in 1945.
Samuel D. White Company departs on their journey.
1866 Church Membership 77,884
The first edition of the Juvenile Instructor, the official organ of the Sunday School, was published. Its name was changed to the Instructor in 1930, and it continued publication until 1970.
The Juvenile Instructor begins publication (George Q. Cannon, editor) — the Mountain West's first children's periodical.
Thomas E. Ricks Company departs on their journey.
William Henry Chipman Company departs on their journey.
After a four-year construction process, the Tabernacle is completed at its present location on Temple Square in Salt Lake City and becomes the home of the church choir begun by Parry. The choir is informally called the Tabernacle Choir, and later becomes officially known as the Mormon Tabernacle Choir.
Black Hawk War began in central Utah.
Brigham Young arrested on a charge of bigamy.
Participated in reestablishment of the School of the Prophets.
Brigham Young reestablishes and reorganizes the Relief Society with Eliza R. Snow as general president.
Brigham Young requested that bishops reorganize Relief Societies within their wards. The societies had been disbanded during the Utah War.
By this date, 500 miles of Deseret Telegraph in operation.
First Conference is held in the newly finished Tabernacle.
First General Conference held in the newly constructed Mormon Tabernacle; the Tabernacle organ first played.
George Dunford Company departs on their journey.
George Q. Cannon becomes editor of the Deseret News.
In 1867 there were 133 missionaries called to serve.
Leonard G. Rice Company departs on their journey.
President Brigham Young and the Twelve meet "to take into Consideration the Case of Elder Amasa Lyman who had been preaching Heresy doing away with the Blood of Christ & trifling with the ordinances. We herd the Testimony against him and herd his own remarks. We finally voted to silence him from Preaching."
Quorum of Twelve drops Apostle Amasa M. Lyman due to his refusal to recant his teachings which deny Christ's blood atonement. Next day Brigham Young preaches that Apostle Orson Pratt "would have been cut off from the Church long ago had it not been for me." This refers to their long dispute over Adam-God theory.
Built with wooden pegs and rawhide bindings, the self-supporting roof creates acoustics famous enough that a dropped pin can be heard at the back.
Small group of Saints sailed from Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
1867 Church Membership 81,124
The Deseret News begins a daily, the Deseret Evening News.
The first conference to be conducted in the newly completed Tabernacle on Temple Square in Salt Lake City began. The building was dedicated eight years later on Oct. 9, 1875.
The present dome-roofed Tabernacle is completed, including a new, larger organ.
Brigham Young adjourns Council of Fifty. He never reconvenes it again.
Chester Loveland Company departs on their journey.
Church-owned ZCMI store opened for business.
Daniel D. McArthur Company departs on their journey.
Horton D. Haight Company departs on their journey.
In 1868 there were 32 missionaries called to serve.
John G. Holman Company departs on their journey.
John Gillespie Company departs on their journey.
John R. Murdock Company departs on their journey.
Railroad came to Utah.
Joseph S. Rawlins Company departs on their journey.
Orson Pratt and William Ritter arrived in Austria.
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints publishes the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible.
Salt Lake City School of Prophets votes again to sustain Brigham Young's proposal to boycott all "Gentile" merchants, including Jews. General conference publicly sustains this boycott, which continues until 1882 and leads to esttablishment of ZCMI.
Simpson M. Molen Company departs on their journey.
Swiss and German mission is created
1868 Church Membership 84,622
The NEW YORK TIMES comments on the death of Heber C. Kimball: "The Mormons, by the death of Heber Kimball, have lost their most prominent man next to Brigham Young. He illustrated in himself all the more striking peculiarities of the Mormon leaders—their energy and astuteness, their self-sacrifice and selfishness selflessness?, their devotion to the Church and their power over its devotees…in every way he was fitted, and fitted himself, for his destined position as Young's successor."
William S. Seeley Company departs on their journey.
This edition was created in Salt Lake City, UT, USA and was compiled by George Q. Cannon. There were 345 Hymns in this edition. At the time it was edition number 14.
After earlier being called as "chief musician of the church" (in 1865) by Brigham Young, George Careless, a 30-year-old graduate of the Royal Academy of Music in London, assumes leadership of the choir, with Joseph J. Daynes as organist. With Careless as director, the choir assumes a more permanent and larger configuration.
Born in Salt Lake City to John Henry Smith and Sarah Farr.
Brigham Young writes to Thomas L. Kane in that the constitution of the State of Deseret had been amended so that "all male citizens of the United States over 21 years of age having residence of 6 months in this state (State of Deseret) shall be entitled to vote; the words 'free, white male,' having been struck out. The number of votes polled on this amendment was 14,000 for, and 30 against."
Completion of transcontinental railroad at Promontory Summit, Utah. The "golden spike" is driven uniting of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific lines. This ends Mormon pioneer period and begins significant non-LDS population.
Der Stern (The Star) published in Zurich for the European mission (Karl G. Maeser, editor).
DESERET NEWS advertises sale of BOOK OF MORMON "In Phonetics." Apostle Orson Pratt reports he translated it into the Deseret Alphabet in "four months of continuous labor."